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SecondaryCode 4040

Statistics

12 topics and 35 objectives, each one something you should be able to do.

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Written by Kindred in its own plain words. Your syllabus is still the official list, so check it for anything exact.

What this subject asks you to be able to do

1Data and its collection6 objectives
  • The basic thinking behind sampling, including what is meant by population, census, sample and representative sample
  • The different ways of choosing a sample, including simple random, systematic, stratified and quota sampling
  • Use of random numbers
  • Bias: the ways it comes about and the means of avoiding it
  • The main ideas behind surveys, including how closed and open questions are used in a questionnaire
  • The different kinds of data and variables, including the meaning of qualitative, quantitative, discrete and continuous
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2Summary representation of data4 objectives
  • Classifying data and setting it out in tables, including two-way tables
  • Showing data with pictures and diagrams, including pictograms, Venn diagrams, stem-and-leaf and box-and-whisker diagrams, pie charts and comparative pie charts, and bar charts, among them sectional, percentage and dual bar charts
  • Why and when each way of presenting data is used, with the advantages and disadvantages of each
  • Interpreting data shown in tables, pictures or diagrams
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3Formation of data into ungrouped or grouped frequency distributions2 objectives
  • For grouped frequency distributions, the measures that describe each class: class limits, class boundaries, mid-points and class intervals
  • Showing data as a frequency polygon or as a histogram
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4Formation of frequency distributions into cumulative frequency distributions2 objectives
  • Representation in tabular form
  • Showing continuous data on a graph as a cumulative frequency curve or polygon
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5Statistical measures, their interpretation and appropriate use4 objectives
  • The mean, median, mode and modal class as measures of central tendency, including calculating or estimating them from a list of numbers, or from ungrouped or grouped frequency distributions
  • The range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation as measures of dispersion, including calculating or estimating each one from a list of numbers, or from ungrouped or grouped frequency distributions
  • Quartiles and percentiles, including estimating them, and the median, by reading a cumulative frequency graph (curve or polygon) and also by applying linear interpolation to a cumulative frequency table
  • Summary measures when data sets are joined together, including calculating the mean and standard deviation of the combined set
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6Transformations involving mean and standard deviation2 objectives
  • Consequences for the mean and standard deviation when a constant is added to every observation, and when every observation is multiplied by a constant
  • Rescaling and shifting a data set so that it attains a specified mean and standard deviation through a linear transformation
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7Crude and standardised rates, and their appropriate use1 objective
  • Crude rates and standardised rates, and when each is the right one to use, including applying them to death rates, fertility rates and accident rates
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8Index numbers2 objectives
  • Index numbers of different kinds, including weighted aggregate index numbers and price relatives
  • Use of weighted aggregate index numbers, and the limitations they carry
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9Bivariate distributions and their representation by scatter diagrams4 objectives
  • Bivariate distributions, and how they are shown using scatter diagrams.
  • Basic correlation, including what positive, negative, strong and weak correlation mean
  • Lines of best fit, including fitting one by semi-averages, and finding the equation of such a straight line, written as y = mx + c
  • Use of the line of best fit to predict values, and the limitations of predicting this way
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10Time series3 objectives
  • What a trend is, including finding it by calculating moving averages, centred when this is needed
  • What seasonal variation is, including calculating the mean seasonal variation
  • Use of the trend line together with the seasonal component to make predictions
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11Elementary ideas of probability2 objectives
  • Basic probability, including how to deal with mutually exclusive events and independent events
  • Picking items with replacement and picking items without replacement
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12Probability distributions3 objectives
  • For a discrete variable, working out its probability distribution: every value it can take and how likely each one is
  • Expectation, including how to find the expected profit and loss for a player in a simple game
  • What makes a game fair
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